On March 21, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment released a notice on its official website soliciting public opinions on the draft amendment to the national standard "Emission Limits and Measurement Methods for Pollutants from Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles (China VI)" (GB 17691-2018) (hereinafter referred to as the "Notice").
It is worth noting that the amendment to the "Notice" has added "Emission Limits and Measurement Methods for Gaseous Pollutants Emitted by spark-ignition Engine Vehicles using hydrogen as fuel and their Engines", that is, the emission standards and related measurement methods for spark-ignition engines using hydrogen as fuel. This means that hydrogen internal combustion engines will be included in the emission management standards.
At present, the domestic hydrogen energy power industry mainly focuses on fuel cells. However, enterprises such as Weichai, Yuchai, and FAW Jiefang are also promoting research and development in hydrogen internal combustion engines and expect to meet the conditions for mass production of hydrogen internal combustion engines by 2025. At present, there are no relevant emission standards for hydrogen fuel engines in China, making it impossible to conduct related inspections and disclose information. The Ministry of Ecology and Environment has added relevant requirements for hydrogen fuel engines to the emission standards for heavy-duty vehicles, which is conducive to supporting the healthy development of the hydrogen fuel engine industry.
I. Key Amendments to Emission Standards
The Notice has added relevant content regarding the definition of hydrogen internal combustion engines, emission standards, and hydrogen fuel tabulating, as follows:
(1) The second paragraph of the "Preface" is revised as follows: This standard specifies the emission limits and measurement methods for gaseous and particulate pollutants emitted by compression-ignition engine vehicles and their engines in the sixth stage, as well as the emission limits and measurement methods for gaseous pollutants emitted by spark-ignition engine vehicles and their engines fueled by natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas or hydrogen.
(2) Add the definition of "(3.70) hydrogen fuel engine" :
hydrogen fuelled engine
A spark-ignition engine using hydrogen as fuel.
(3) Emission requirements
(4) Technical requirements for hydrogen as the benchmark fuel
It is understood that in April 2024, the European Union updated its unified regulations on the measures to be taken for the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants from compression ignition engines and spark-ignition engines used in vehicles, adding relevant requirements for type approval of hydrogen engines, including test systems, measurement items, fuel requirements, etc. The United States has established strict anti-tampering regulations for vehicle software.
Ii. Development of Domestic Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine Products
At present, the hydrogen internal combustion engine technology of leading enterprises at home and abroad has become mature and they have successively launched a number of products. To comprehensively verify the key indicators of hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicles such as safety, power performance, and environmental friendliness, as well as the feasibility of large-scale promotion, and to promote the industrial application of hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicles, on November 14, 2024, The real vehicle demonstration operation of hydrogen internal combustion engines, led by China Automotive Technology and Research Center Co., LTD. 's wholly-owned subsidiary, China Automotive Technology and Research Center Automotive Inspection Center (Tianjin) Co., LTD., was officially launched in Tianjin.
It is understood that the demonstration operation cycle of hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicles is about one year. Light vehicles operate on the internal roads of the factory area and expressways, with scenarios including commuting within the park, short-distance connections, hydrogen refueling and charging, etc. Heavy vehicles operate on the internal roads of the mining area (factory area) and expressways, with scenarios focusing on the roads along the "wind-solar-electricity-green hydrogen" application chain.
In terms of products, automakers and internal combustion engine enterprises such as FAW, Weichai, Dongfeng and Yuchai have been working in the field of hydrogen internal combustion engines for many years and have launched hydrogen internal combustion engine products suitable for passenger cars and heavy commercial vehicles.
Abroad, enterprises such as Cummins, MAN, Westport, Daimler, Kafka, Hyundai Doosan Infracore, Volvo, BMW, Mercedes-Benz, Toyota, Ford, and Bosch have all made plans for hydrogen internal combustion engines used in vehicles. Meanwhile, companies like Caterpillar, Rolls-Royce, and Wartsila have launched high-power hydrogen internal combustion engines for power generation.
Faw Jiefang
On December 5, 2024, FAW Jiefang released its independently developed CA6HV3 hydrogen engine with great fanfare. This is the first direct injection hydrogen engine for heavy commercial vehicles in China. In August before this, the Jiefang Lantu "Xingyi" hydrogen engine tractor made its debut, equipped with a 15L self-developed engine, highlighting its advantages of high adaptability, high power and low cost.
At present, the heavy commercial vehicle direct injection hydrogen engine of FAW Jiefang has achieved stable operation, with an operating power exceeding 368kW, an indicated thermal efficiency breaking through 55%, and a displacement of 13L. Meanwhile, it has excellent adaptability to individual air passage injection, combined injection in the cylinder and air passage, and ammonia-hydrogen mixed composite fuel injection.
Yuchai
The YCK16H direct injection hydrogen-burning engine independently developed by Yuchai has a thermal efficiency of 45%, a displacement of 15.93L, and a maximum output power of 412kW. In October 2024, the Dongfeng Liuzhou Automobile Chonglong H7 equipped with the Yuchai YCK16H hydrogen-burning engine successfully rolled off the production line and underwent road tests in Daxing District, Beijing in November.
Weichai
In September 2021, Weichai successfully ignited a 13L hydrogen internal combustion engine with an intake port injection, delivering a power of 290kW. In June 2022, Sinotruk and Weichai Power jointly released the country's first commercial hydrogen internal combustion engine heavy-duty truck, with a maximum torque of 2000N·m.
In November 2024, Weichai showcased an 8L hydrogen internal combustion engine, which adopts a low-pressure direct hydrogen injection route inside the cylinder. The engine power can reach 257kW and the maximum torque is 1400N·m. It has now been installed on the Shaanxi Heavy Duty Truck M6000 cargo truck
Dongfeng Motor
On September 26, 2022, Dongfeng Motor Corporation held a hydrogen engine ignition ceremony. It is reported that Dongfeng has completed over 270 individual tests of key components including hydrogen nozzles, hydrogen rails, hydrogen pressure stabilizing valves, hydrogen supply pipelines, and special pistons. The control system development includes over 300 tests such as basic software function tests, application layer development tests, and software integration tests. The HIL bench test lasted for 400 units and the on-site debugging for 160 units.
On April 7, 2023, the latest achievement release conference of Dongfeng Mach Power's hydrogen engine was held at the Technology Center of Dongfeng Motor Corporation. The hydrogen engine released this time has a power performance of 80kW/170Nm, with a thermal efficiency exceeding 45.04%, and the proportion of the efficiency zone above 40% exceeds 70%
Gac Group
On June 28, 2022, GAC Group released a 1.5L hydrogen internal combustion engine. This 1.5L hydrogen fuel engine made its debut, adopting direct hydrogen injection technology in the cylinder, with a maximum thermal efficiency of 44% and a hydrogen consumption of no more than 0.84kg/100km. It has been successfully running for over 12,000 hours. In June 2023, GAC launched the GAC Trumpchi E9 hydrogen hybrid passenger car, equipped with a 2.0L hydrogen internal combustion engine and GMC2.0 electromechanical coupling system high-torque version.
Deutz
In August 2024, the Deutz 7.8L, 220kW hydrogen engine was put into use in the power generation demonstration project in Yizhuang, Beijing.
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Source: Compiled by Hydrogen Cloud Chain
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